AutomotiveAnalysis 131
Best Dash Cams
A dash cam is bought for the one moment it matters: a collision, a near miss, a damaged parked car. Whether the footage then shows a readable number plate depends less on the "4K" on the box than on the sensor, the frame rate, how the camera copes with heat, and whether parking mode was actually wired in.
We compared ten front-only and front-and-rear dash cams sold in the EU in October 2026, from €114 to €750, across seven brands: Nextbase, Viofo, Nordväl, Garmin, BlackVue, Mio and Kenwood. For each we checked what the maker publishes about the image sensor, video modes, storage, parking mode and extra hardware, what owners say at a major EU retailer, and whether any independent test could be read.
The headline finding: not one of the ten pages we could read stated an operating temperature range or the type of power backup, and three brands do not name their image sensor at all. We also explain where the law stands, which varies by country.
Methodology note
This ranking is desk research, not a hands-on test. Specifications come from manufacturer product pages where we could open them (Viofo, Nextbase, BlackVue, Kenwood); for Garmin, Mio and Nordväl we could not open a manufacturer page, so specifications, and the product link, come from the retailer Coolblue (Netherlands) and are marked as such. Prices are Coolblue prices seen in October 2026 (for the Nextbase 622GW and 522GW, Garmin X310, BlackVue Elite 10-2CH and Mio 956W Dual, the price shown on Coolblue's category listing); manufacturer prices we saw were in US dollars and were not used. Owner scores are Coolblue review averages; several products had no or very few reviews. We could not read model-specific results from Which? (paywalled), ADAC or Stiftung Warentest, so the evidence score is low across the board. We did not test image quality, heat resistance or app security ourselves. Legal information is drawn from EU legislation and case law we could open; national guidance (BGH, CNIL, AEPD, Dutch AP, Austrian DSB) could not be opened and is not summarised.
7.1BPR score
Key parameter
Front image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
The sensor decides how much light the camera gathers at night, and the frame rate decides how many chances you get to freeze a passing number plate. We take both from the manufacturer's page where we could open it, otherwise from the retailer, and write "sensor not published" where no model is named.
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Top score
Nextbase 622GW
- 4K at 30 fps, 1440p at 60 fps, 1080p at 120 fps — sensor not published by NextbaseFront image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €347retail price
Details+
The best-reviewed camera in this list at Coolblue (8.8/10 from 14 reviews), with the most complete set of published frame rates, but Nextbase does not name the image sensor and there is no rear camera in the box.
- Strengths
- 4K30, 1440p60 and 1080p120 all published
- 140° view, six-layer f1.3 lens
- 10 Hz GPS (GPS + GLONASS) and Bluetooth 5.0
- 3-inch IPS touchscreen
- 8.8/10 from 14 Coolblue reviews
- Weaknesses
- Image sensor not published
- Operating temperature and power-backup type not published
- microSD limited to 128 GB (Coolblue)
- No rear camera in the box
7.1 / 10fair
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Viofo A329S 2CH
- Sony STARVIS 2 IMX678 (1/1.8", 8 MP), 4K at 60 fps front; IMX675 (1/2.8", 5 MP) 2K HDR rear — published by ViofoFront image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €380retail price
Details+
The most fully specified camera in this ranking: both sensors are named with their size, the front records 4K at 60 fps and the low-power parking mode states its current draw. No owner reviews yet at Coolblue.
- Strengths
- Both sensors named: IMX678 1/1.8" front, IMX675 1/2.8" rear
- 4K at 60 fps front, 2K HDR rear
- microSD up to 512 GB plus SSD up to 4 TB via USB 3.0
- Low-power parking under 40 mA at 12.6 V
- Wi-Fi 6 (5 GHz), built-in GPS, CPL filter in the box
- Weaknesses
- HK6 hardwire kit needed for hybrid parking, not included
- Bitrate, field of view and temperature range not published
- No Coolblue owner reviews yet
- €380 before a card and hardwire kit
7.0 / 10fair
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Nextbase 522GW
- 1440p at 30 fps, 1080p at 60 fps — sensor not published by NextbaseFront image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €242retail price
Details+
The most-reviewed camera here at Coolblue (8.0/10 from 34 reviews), with a built-in polarising filter and the same 140° f1.3 optics as the 622GW, but no 4K and no named sensor.
- Strengths
- 8.0/10 from 34 Coolblue reviews — the largest sample here
- Built-in polarising filter
- 140° view, f1.3 lens
- 10 Hz GPS and 3-inch touchscreen
- €242
- Weaknesses
- No 4K: 1440p at 30 fps maximum
- Image sensor not published
- microSD limited to 128 GB
- Owners report occasional false parking-mode triggers
6.9 / 10acceptable
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Nordväl DC202-2CH 4K (64 GB)
- Sony IMX415, 4K at 30 fps front; 2K rear — as listed by Coolblue (manufacturer page not opened)Front image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €233retail price
Details+
The cheapest front-and-rear 4K set here with a named sensor and a 64 GB card in the box, backed by 33 Coolblue reviews (7.6/10). Data come from the retailer, not from Nordväl.
- Strengths
- Front + rear with 64 GB card for €233
- Named front sensor (IMX415), 4K at 30 fps
- 5 GHz Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth 4.2
- 7.6/10 from 33 Coolblue reviews
- Weaknesses
- Specs only from the retailer; no manufacturer page opened
- Rear sensor and field of view not published
- Owners report weaker rear footage in low light
- Hardwire kit not included; no screen
6.9 / 10acceptable
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Garmin Dash Cam Mini 3
- 1080p at up to 30 fps — sensor not published (retailer data; Garmin page not opened)Front image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €114retail price
Details+
A key-sized 1080p camera with no screen, a 140° lens and a four-year minimum warranty at Coolblue for €114. Small and discreet, but no 4K, no named sensor and no card in the box.
- Strengths
- €114 — cheapest in the ranking
- Very small: 30 g, 5.2 × 3.2 × 2 cm
- 140° field of view
- microSD up to 512 GB
- Minimum four-year warranty (Coolblue)
- Weaknesses
- 1080p only, maximum 30 fps
- Image sensor not published
- No screen and no card in the box
- Garmin's own page could not be opened; GPS not confirmed by Garmin
6.9 / 10acceptable
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Garmin Dash Cam X310
- 4K — sensor not published (retailer data; Garmin page not opened)Front image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €300retail price
Details+
Garmin's 4K camera with a 2.4-inch touchscreen, 140° view and a four-year minimum warranty at Coolblue. Only two owner reviews, and the data come from the retailer because Garmin's page would not load.
- Strengths
- 4K front recording
- 2.4-inch touchscreen
- 140° field of view
- microSD up to 512 GB
- Minimum four-year warranty (Coolblue)
- Weaknesses
- Image sensor and bitrate not published
- 4K frame rate unclear in retailer data
- Only 2 Coolblue reviews
- Hardwire cable not included
6.5 / 10acceptable
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BlackVue Elite 10-2CH (64 GB)
- Sony STARVIS 2 IMX678 front, 4K at 30 fps; 4K rear (STARVIS 2) — BlackVue and CoolblueFront image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €750retail price
Details+
BlackVue's flagship pair records 4K front and rear on STARVIS 2 sensors, takes cards up to 1 TB and can go online via an optional LTE module. At €750 it is the most expensive camera here, with no owner reviews at Coolblue.
- Strengths
- 4K front and rear, STARVIS 2 sensors
- Front sensor named: IMX678
- Cards up to 1 TB; 64 GB included
- 5 GHz Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth 5.3
- Ultra-low-power parking mode
- Weaknesses
- €750 — most expensive in the ranking
- LTE for cloud access is an optional extra module
- Field of view, temperature range and rear sensor model not published
- No Coolblue owner reviews yet
6.3 / 10acceptable
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Mio MiVue 956W Dual
- 4K at 30 fps front — sensor not published (retailer data; Mio page not opened)Front image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €280retail price
Details+
A 4K front-and-rear set with a 2.7-inch screen, GPS, Wi-Fi and a three-year minimum warranty at Coolblue. Sensor, field of view and parking-mode details were not published on the page we could read.
- Strengths
- Front + rear set for €280
- 4K at 30 fps front
- 2.7-inch screen
- GPS and Wi-Fi with app backup
- Minimum three-year warranty (Coolblue)
- Weaknesses
- Sensor and field of view not published
- Parking mode not specified in retailer data
- Mio's own page could not be opened
- Only one Coolblue review
6.2 / 10acceptable
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BlackVue DR590X-2CH Plus (32 GB)
- Sony STARVIS, 1080p at 60 fps front (BlackVue) — sensor model not publishedFront image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €306retail price
Details+
BlackVue's entry-level two-channel set records Full HD front and rear, with Wi-Fi and BlackVue's cloud ecosystem, but GPS depends on the version and €306 is a lot for 1080p.
- Strengths
- Front + rear Full HD
- Built-in Wi-Fi, BlackVue cloud ecosystem
- Hardwiring cable in the package (BlackVue)
- Small: 88 g
- Cards up to 512 GB
- Weaknesses
- 1080p only, at €306
- GPS external or sold separately, depending on version
- Frame rate differs between BlackVue (60 fps) and Coolblue (30 fps)
- Sensor model, field of view and temperature range not published
6.1 / 10acceptable
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Kenwood DRV-A610W
- 8.4 MP CMOS (1/2.8" per Coolblue), 3840×2160 at 30 fps — sensor model not published by KenwoodFront image sensor and recording resolution/frame rate
- €199retail price
Details+
A compact 4K camera whose European datasheet is unusually concrete, down to recording minutes per card size, but owner feedback at Coolblue is poor (3.8/10 from 2 reviews) and parking mode needs an extra kit.
- Strengths
- Detailed Kenwood datasheet incl. minutes per card size
- 3840×2160 H.265 at 30 fps, F1.8 lens, 135.6° diagonal
- 64 GB card included (240 min)
- GPS, Wi-Fi, 12 V/24 V
- Optional KCA-R210 rear camera
- Weaknesses
- 3.8/10 from 2 Coolblue reviews (app and USB-C issues)
- Parking mode needs optional CA-DR1130 kit
- microSD limited to 256 GB
- Sensor model and temperature range not published
5.9 / 10poor
Scores comparable only within this categorySignificance threshold: ±0.15 pt
7.1 Our verdict
No dash cam here is fully documented, but some come much closer than others. The Nextbase 622GW leads on the combination of published video modes and the strongest owner rating (8.8/10 from 14 Coolblue reviews), though Nextbase does not name its sensor and the camera records only the front. The Viofo A329S 2CH is the best-specified camera in the ranking — both STARVIS 2 sensors named, 4K at 60 fps, cards up to 512 GB plus SSD support, and a stated parking current — and is the one to pick if you want front and rear and are prepared to buy the HK6 hardwire kit. The Nextbase 522GW and the Nordväl DC202-2CH are the value picks, the latter as the cheapest front-and-rear 4K set with a card included. The BlackVue Elite 10-2CH is the premium cloud-ready option at €750 plus LTE hardware. Whichever you choose, ask for the operating temperature, budget for a high-endurance card and a hardwire kit, and check the rules in the countries you drive in.
Resolution decoded
4K on the box is not the whole story: sensor, frame rate and bitrate
Every camera in this list advertises a resolution, but resolution alone does not decide whether you can read a number plate at night. Three other figures matter: the image sensor, the frame rate and the bitrate. Of these, only the first two are sometimes published, and the third was published by none of the makers whose pages we could read.
The sensor determines how much light reaches each pixel. Viofo is the only maker here that names both sensors with their sizes: a 1/1.8-inch IMX678 at the front and a 1/2.8-inch IMX675 at the rear of the A329S. BlackVue's Elite 10 front sensor is named (IMX678) by Coolblue, Nordväl's IMX415 likewise. Nextbase, Garmin and Mio did not name a sensor on the pages we read; Kenwood gives only "8.4 megapixel CMOS".
Frame rate matters for fast-moving scenes: 60 fps gives twice as many frames as 30 fps for freezing a passing plate. Only the Viofo A329S (4K60) and the Nextbase 622GW (1080p120, 1440p60) publish higher rates at their headline resolutions.
| Camera | Front sensor | Top front mode |
|---|---|---|
| Viofo A329S 2CH | IMX678, 1/1.8" | 4K 60 fps |
| BlackVue Elite 10-2CH | IMX678 | 4K 30 fps |
| Nordväl DC202-2CH | IMX415 | 4K 30 fps |
| Kenwood DRV-A610W | 8.4 MP CMOS | 4K 30 fps |
| Nextbase 622GW | Not published | 4K 30 fps |
| Nextbase 522GW | Not published | 1440p 30 fps |
| Garmin Mini 3 | Not published | 1080p 30 fps |
HDR is claimed by Viofo (both channels), BlackVue (front) and Kenwood (HDR and WDR). None of them publishes how much dynamic range is gained, beyond Viofo's own comparison of about 2.5 times first-generation STARVIS.
Heat and power
Supercapacitor or battery, and the missing temperature range
A dash cam sits behind the windscreen, which in summer can be one of the hottest places in a parked car. That is why the type of power backup and the stated operating temperature are worth checking: lithium-ion batteries are sensitive to heat, which is the reason many dash cam makers use a supercapacitor instead, which only needs to hold enough charge to close the last file when power is cut.
The striking finding of this ranking is that none of the ten pages we could read stated the power-backup type or the operating and storage temperature range. That includes the most detailed datasheets here, from Viofo and Kenwood. We have therefore marked these values as "not published" for every product rather than assume them from older models or from reviews.
What this means for buyers:
- Before buying, look for the operating temperature in the manual or the full specification tab on the maker's site. If the maker cannot give it, treat that as a risk for summer parking.
- A screenless camera such as the Garmin Mini 3 or the Nordväl DC202-2CH is less visible and has fewer parts, but that says nothing about heat tolerance by itself.
- Parking mode keeps the camera powered while the car stands in the sun. If you plan to use it, the temperature rating matters more, not less.
If a maker later publishes these figures, we will add them. Until then, the absence of a temperature range is listed among the cons of every product, because it is the one figure a European driver in Seville or Sicily would want before buying.
Hidden costs
Parking mode, hardwire kits, memory cards and cloud subscriptions
The price on the box is rarely the full price. Parking mode — recording while the engine is off — usually needs permanent power from the fuse box, which means a hardwire kit. Of the cameras here, only BlackVue says a hardwiring cable is included with the DR590X-2CH Plus. Viofo needs the HK6 kit for hybrid parking on the A329S, Kenwood the CA-DR1130 for the DRV-A610W, and Coolblue lists no hardwire kit with the Garmin X310 or the Nordväl DC202-2CH. Viofo is the only maker that publishes a current draw: under 40 mA at 12.6 V in its low-power mode.
Memory cards are the second cost. Loop recording rewrites the card constantly, so makers recommend high-endurance or U3 cards. Maximum capacities differ widely:
| Max microSD | Cameras |
|---|---|
| 128 GB | Nextbase 622GW, 522GW |
| 256 GB | Kenwood DRV-A610W, Mio 956W Dual, Nordväl DC202-2CH |
| 512 GB | Viofo A329S (plus SSD up to 4 TB), Garmin Mini 3, Garmin X310, BlackVue DR590X |
| 1 TB | BlackVue Elite 10-2CH |
Kenwood is the only maker here that states recording time per card: 64 GB holds 240 minutes of its 4K footage. Cards are included with the BlackVue, Kenwood and Nordväl bundles; Coolblue lists none with the Garmin Mini 3.
Remote viewing is the third cost. BlackVue's Elite 10-2CH reaches its cloud through an optional LTE Connectivity Module (USD 135.99 on BlackVue's US shop) or a separate hotspot; BlackVue mentions 5 GB of free cloud backup for the DR590X with a BlackVue Cloud account. Any mobile data plan comes on top.
The law
Are dash cams legal in Europe? It depends on the country
There is no single EU rule that permits or bans dash cams, and the position differs between member states. What is common is the General Data Protection Regulation. Article 2(2)(c) GDPR excludes processing "by a natural person in the course of a purely personal or household activity", and recital 18 explains that such activity has "no connection to a professional or commercial activity".
The Court of Justice has read that exemption narrowly. In Ryneš (C-212/13, judgment of 11 December 2014) it ruled that a camera installed by an individual on his family home, which also monitored a public space, did not amount to processing in the course of a purely personal or household activity. A dash cam filming public roads is in a similar position, so national data protection authorities may treat its use as falling under the GDPR. Where the GDPR applies, recording needs a lawful basis, typically legitimate interests under Article 6(1)(f), which must be weighed against the rights of the people filmed.
The European Data Protection Board's Guidelines 3/2019 on processing of personal data through video devices set out the common approach to video devices. We could not open the guidelines' full text during this research, so we do not quote them.
National authorities and courts apply these rules differently. Germany's Federal Court of Justice ruling VI ZR 233/17 is the reference case on using dash cam footage as evidence in Germany; we could not open the court's website, so we do not summarise it. The French CNIL, the Spanish AEPD, the Dutch Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens and the Austrian Datenschutzbehörde each publish their own guidance; their pages could not be opened during this research.
Practical points that follow from the GDPR text: use short loop recording and event-triggered saving rather than keeping everything, do not publish footage showing identifiable people or number plates online, and check the rules of the country you are driving in, not only your home country.
Marketing decoded
What dash cam claims really mean, and what is not published
Dash cam listings mix measurable data with marketing names. This table translates the common claims found on the pages we read.
| Claim | What it means | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| "4K" | 3840×2160 pixels recorded | Frame rate at 4K and the sensor size |
| "STARVIS 2" | Sony's second-generation low-light sensor family | Which model and size (IMX678 1/1.8" vs IMX675 1/2.8") |
| "HDR" | Combines exposures for bright and dark areas | Which channel, at which resolution |
| "Parking mode" | Recording when the engine is off | Whether a hardwire kit is needed and what current it draws |
| "Cloud" | Remote access to footage | LTE module and data plan costs |
| "Night vision" | Low-light processing, not infrared | Named sensor and aperture |
Across ten products, the most commonly unpublished data were operating temperature (0 of 10), power-backup type (0 of 10), bitrate (0 of 10) and the image sensor (missing for Nextbase, Garmin and Mio). The best published figures came from Viofo and Kenwood.
Independent testing is also thin. Which? says it has tested 33 dash cams on a consistent route, judging day and night footage, ease of use, audio and features, and gave 11 models a Don't Buy for security concerns; its model scores are behind a paywall, so we have not used them. We could not open ADAC or Stiftung Warentest dash cam results during this research. The "test" score therefore stays at 4.5–5.0 for every camera here.
Methodology
How this score is built
The score is the mean of four component scores — each carries equal weight and each rests on a named source. The full procedure is described in the methodology.
01Composition and specification
Declared composition and specification: active ingredients and their concentrations, energy classes, standards, technical parameters — and what the manufacturer leaves unsaid.
02Evidence and studies
Verification of the manufacturer's claims against outside sources: laboratory reports, industry testing, safety data sheets, certificates and regulatory decisions.
03Owner feedback
Analysis of verified reviews written after extended use, together with recurring fault reports for the model or series.
04Cost and value
Price set against what the product actually delivers, plus costs incurred later — consumables, energy, servicing, subscriptions — over the lifespan typical for the category.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Is it legal to use a dash cam in the EU?+
There is no single EU-wide answer. The GDPR applies in all member states, and the Court of Justice's Ryneš ruling (C-212/13) shows that filming public space is not automatically a purely personal activity. National authorities and courts apply the rules differently, so check the country you drive in.
Can I post dash cam footage online?+
The GDPR household exemption covers purely personal activity. Publishing footage that shows identifiable people or number plates goes beyond that in most readings; blur or keep it private and share it only with police or your insurer when needed.
Is 4K worth it for a dash cam?+
It can help with reading plates, but the sensor, frame rate and bitrate matter as much. The Viofo A329S combines 4K with 60 fps and a named 1/1.8-inch sensor; several 4K cameras here do not publish their sensor at all.
Do I need a hardwire kit?+
Only for parking mode that runs while the engine is off. Viofo (HK6), Kenwood (CA-DR1130) and others sell it separately; BlackVue says a hardwiring cable comes with the DR590X-2CH Plus.
Which memory card should I buy?+
A high-endurance card within the camera's limit: 128 GB for the Nextbase models here, 256 GB for Kenwood, Mio and Nordväl, 512 GB for Viofo, Garmin and the BlackVue DR590X, and up to 1 TB for the BlackVue Elite 10-2CH. Kenwood recommends U3.
Supercapacitor or battery?+
Supercapacitors are generally preferred for heat, but none of the ten pages we read stated the power-backup type or the operating temperature. Ask the maker before buying if you park in strong sun.
Do dash cams need a subscription?+
Not for local recording. Cloud viewing does: BlackVue's Elite 10-2CH needs an optional LTE module or a hotspot, plus mobile data.
Have these cameras been tested independently?+
Which? has tested 33 dash cams and flagged 11 as Don't Buy for security, but its model scores are paywalled. We could not open ADAC or Stiftung Warentest dash cam results, so no independent grade is quoted here.
Sources
Documents and standards
- 1. Viofo — dash cam range — https://www.viofo.com/en/
- 2. Viofo A329S 2CH product page — https://www.viofo.com/products/viofo-a329s-2ch-4k-60fps-2k-hdr-dash-cam-with-sony-starvis-2-sensor
- 3. Viofo A229 Pro 2CH product page (HK4 kit, card advice) — https://www.viofo.com/products/viofo-a229-pro-2ch-front-and-rear-4k-2k-hdr-dual-dash-cam-with-sony-starvis-2-sensors
- 4. Nextbase 622GW product page — https://nextbase.com/dash-cams/622gw-dash-cam/
- 5. Nextbase 522GW product page — https://nextbase.com/dash-cams/522gw-dash-cam/
- 6. BlackVue Elite 10-2CH product page — https://blackvue.com/products/elite-10-2ch
- 7. BlackVue DR590X-2CH Plus product page — https://blackvue.com/products/dr590x-2ch-plus
- 8. Kenwood Europe dash cam range — https://www.kenwood.eu/car/dashcam/
- 9. Kenwood DRV-A610W product page — https://www.kenwood.eu/car/dashcam/dashboardcamera/DRV-A610W/
- 10. Coolblue — dash cam category, prices and ratings — https://www.coolblue.nl/dashcams
- 11. Coolblue — Viofo A329S 2CH — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/978336
- 12. Coolblue — Nextbase 622GW — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/869757
- 13. Coolblue — Nextbase 522GW — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/834566
- 14. Coolblue — Nordväl DC202-2CH 64GB — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/934815
- 15. Coolblue — Garmin Dash Cam Mini 3 — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/954110
- 16. Coolblue — Garmin Dash Cam X310 — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/954113
- 17. Coolblue — BlackVue Elite 10-2CH 64GB — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/977919
- 18. Coolblue — Mio MiVue 956W Dual — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/975576
- 19. Coolblue — BlackVue DR590X-2CH Plus 32GB — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/959006
- 20. Coolblue — Kenwood DRV-A610W — https://www.coolblue.nl/product/951721
- 21. Which? — dash cam reviews and test method — https://www.which.co.uk/reviews/dash-cams
- 22. EUR-Lex — Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679
- 23. EUR-Lex — CJEU C-212/13 Ryneš, 11 December 2014 — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:62013CJ0212
- 24. EDPB — Guidelines 3/2019 on processing of personal data through video devices — https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-32019-processing-personal-data-through-video_en
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