ElectronicsAnalysis 138
Best Wireless Earbuds with Noise Cancelling
Ten true wireless in-ear models with active noise cancellation, from ten brands, priced from 99.99 to 299.95 euros. Every figure below was read from a manufacturer page, an EU legal text or a published test in October 2026. Nothing was worn, charged or measured by us.
The category is sold on three numbers: hours of battery, decibels of noise cancelling and a list of codecs. Only the first is stated consistently. Battery claims with ANC on range from 5.5 to 8 hours, and where a lab has re-measured them the result has landed both above the claim (Sony, Apple) and well below it (EarFun). The decibel figures (45 dB, 50 dB) come without a frequency, a method or a standard on any page we opened.
Two EU rules also shape the purchase. USB-C charging has been mandatory for earbuds since 28 December 2024, and from 18 February 2027 the Battery Regulation requires portable batteries to be removable and replaceable by the end-user. One model here already says so in its datasheet; nine do not mention it.
Methodology note
Desk research only. Specifications come from the manufacturers' own product, store or support pages; prices are the manufacturer's EU store price on the day we opened the page (Apple, Sony, Bose, Google, Sennheiser, JBL, Nothing, soundcore, EarFun). Samsung's German page did not show a price in the form we could read, so the Galaxy Buds4 Pro price is the 250 euro launch MSRP reported by GSMArena. Nothing's product page showed only headline claims, so the remaining Ear (3) data are taken from GSMArena's review and marked as such. Independent evidence is limited to what could be read in full: SoundGuys reviews and product pages (lab battery and ANC measurements) and two GSMArena reviews. RTINGS review pages and Which? could not be read in this session and are therefore not quoted; Stiftung Warentest's grades sit behind its paywall, so only its published test weighting is used. No independent result could be read for the JBL Tour Pro 3 or the Bose QuietComfort Ultra Earbuds (2nd Gen), which lowers their evidence score without saying anything about how they perform. Owner ratings were visible only for Samsung, Bose and soundcore; every other product carries a neutral 7.5 for owner feedback. Sound quality, fit, call quality and ANC were not assessed by us.
8.1BPR score
Key parameter
Battery life per charge with ANC on
Noise cancelling is the reason to buy these earbuds, so the only runtime that matters is the one with ANC switched on. The value is the figure the manufacturer publishes on its own product or support page; where an independent lab measurement was available we quote it next to the claim.
-
Top score
Sony WF-1000XM6
- up to 8 h (NC on) — published by Sony; 9 h 41 min measured by SoundGuysBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €270retail price
Details+
The model where claim and measurement agree best: Sony states 8 hours with noise cancelling on and SoundGuys measured 9 hours 41 minutes, alongside an 88% average loudness reduction.
- Strengths
- 8 h with NC on published; 9 h 41 min measured by SoundGuys
- 88% average loudness reduction and ANC score 8.8/10 at SoundGuys
- SBC, AAC, LDAC and LC3 all listed by Sony
- USB-C and Qi wireless charging
- Multipoint with two devices
- Weaknesses
- IPX4 only: no dust rating, case not protected
- Total runtime with case not published on the pages we opened
- 269.99 euros in Sony's store
- No statement on battery replaceability
8.1 / 10good
-
EarFun Air Pro 4+
- up to 8 h (ANC on) — published by EarFun; 6 h 17 min measured by SoundGuysBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €100retail price
Details+
The longest codec list in the ranking at 99.99 euros, including aptX Lossless, LDAC and LC3, but the 8-hour claim shrank to 6 hours 17 minutes when SoundGuys measured it.
- Strengths
- 99.99 euros in EarFun's EU store
- aptX Lossless, aptX Adaptive, LDAC and LC3 listed
- Bluetooth 6.0 with Auracast and multi-device connection
- IP55 dust and water-jet rating
- Wireless and USB-C charging
- Connectivity scored 10/10 by SoundGuys
- Weaknesses
- Measured 6 h 17 min with ANC against a claimed 8 h
- 80% loudness reduction: called mediocre by SoundGuys
- 50 dB ANC claim without frequency or method
- Per-earbud weight not published
7.9 / 10fair
-
Samsung Galaxy Buds4 Pro
- up to 6 h (ANC on) — published by Samsung; 6.0 h measured by SoundGuysBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €250retail price
Details+
The most completely documented earbuds here, down to 61 mAh per bud, and the claim matches the lab result exactly. The result is only 6 hours.
- Strengths
- Claim and measurement agree: 6 h published, 6.017 h at SoundGuys
- IP57 earbuds at 5.1 g each
- Battery capacity published: 61 mAh per bud, 530 mAh case
- Bluetooth 6.1 with LC3
- 4.7 out of 5 from 146 owner reviews on samsung.com/de
- Weaknesses
- 6 h with ANC on is the second shortest claim here
- SSC codecs and multipoint tied to Samsung devices
- No LDAC or aptX listed
- Case has no water protection
7.9 / 10fair
-
Apple AirPods Pro 3
- up to 8 h (ANC on) — published by Apple; 8 h 42 min measured by SoundGuysBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €249retail price
Details+
The strongest measured noise cancelling we could read, a 90% average loudness reduction, and the only model whose case is rated IP57 as well. Apple publishes no codec list.
- Strengths
- 90% average loudness reduction, ANC 9.0/10 at SoundGuys
- 8 h claimed with ANC on, 8 h 42 min measured
- IP57 for earbuds and case
- 5.55 g per earbud, five ear-tip sizes
- Charges by USB-C, MagSafe, Apple Watch charger or Qi
- Weaknesses
- No codec list published; SoundGuys found SBC and AAC only
- Connectivity scored 5.0/10 by SoundGuys
- No equaliser and many Apple-only features
- USB-C cable sold separately
7.9 / 10fair
-
soundcore Liberty 5
- 8 h (ANC on) — published by soundcoreBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €100retail price
Details+
Eight hours with ANC on and 32 hours with the case for 99.99 euros, with LDAC and IP55. The noise cancelling scored 7.6 at SoundGuys, the lowest test figure we saw.
- Strengths
- 8 h with ANC on, 32 h with the case
- 99.99 euros in soundcore's EU store
- IP55 dust and water-jet rating
- LDAC listed, Bluetooth 5.4
- 4.6 g, the lightest figure published in this ranking
- Weaknesses
- ANC 7.6/10 at SoundGuys: beats only 38% of tested earbuds
- Wireless charging not mentioned
- No LC3 or aptX listed
- Only nine owner reviews on the EU page, two of them one-star
7.8 / 10fair
-
Sennheiser MOMENTUM True Wireless 5
- up to 6 h (ANC on) — published by SennheiserBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €300retail price
Details+
The only earbuds here whose datasheet states that the batteries are user replaceable with standard tools. The price for that is 299.90 euros and 6 hours per charge with ANC on.
- Strengths
- Batteries stated as user replaceable with standard tools
- Up to 40 h overall with the case
- Bluetooth 6.0 with aptX Adaptive/Lossless
- ANC 8.5/10 and connectivity 9.0/10 at SoundGuys
- IP54 and Qi wireless charging
- Weaknesses
- 6 h per charge with ANC on
- 299.90 euros in Sennheiser's EU store
- LC3 and Auracast not listed
- 7 g per earbud, the heaviest stated here
7.6 / 10fair
-
Google Pixel Buds Pro 2
- up to 8 h (ANC on) — published by GoogleBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €249retail price
Details+
At 4.7 g per earbud these are almost the lightest here, with 8 hours claimed with ANC on. Google's specification page names no codecs and SoundGuys gives connectivity 5.0 out of 10.
- Strengths
- 8 h with ANC on, 30 h with the case
- 4.7 g per earbud with medium tip
- IP54 earbuds and IPX4 case
- Qi wireless charging
- Comfort and fit 8.5/10 at SoundGuys
- Weaknesses
- No codec list published by Google
- Connectivity 5.0/10 at SoundGuys; no Auracast
- No higher-bitrate codec such as LDAC or aptX
- 249 euros with mid-table measured ANC (8.0/10)
7.3 / 10fair
-
Nothing Ear (3)
- 5.5 h (ANC on) — as reported by GSMArena; Nothing's product page showed no battery figureBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €149retail price
Details+
A mid-price pair with LDAC and a 45 dB noise-cancelling claim for 149 euros. The shortest ANC runtime here, and the product page we opened showed only headline claims.
- Strengths
- 149 euros in Nothing's German store
- LDAC listed by Nothing
- 6.5 h with ANC over AAC in GSMArena's use, above the 5.5 h figure
- IP54 and wireless charging as reported by GSMArena
- Bluetooth 5.4 with multipoint
- Weaknesses
- 5.5 h with ANC on is the shortest figure in this ranking
- Product page as read showed no battery, weight or IP data
- 45 dB claim without frequency or method
- No LC3 or aptX reported
7.2 / 10fair
-
JBL Tour Pro 3
- 8 h (ANC on) — published by JBLBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €225retail price
Details+
A thorough datasheet with 8 hours of ANC playback, IP55, LDAC, Auracast and a touchscreen case, now 224.99 euros against a 329.99 euro list price. No independent test could be read for this ranking.
- Strengths
- 8 h with ANC on, 32 h with the case
- IP55 dust and water-jet rating
- Bluetooth 5.3 LE Audio with Auracast, plus LDAC
- 224.99 euros against a 329.99 euro list price
- Wireless charging and multipoint
- Weaknesses
- No independent test could be read for this ranking
- 71.8 g case, the heaviest stated here
- No ANC performance figure published
- No owner ratings visible on JBL's page
6.9 / 10acceptable
-
Bose QuietComfort Ultra Earbuds (2nd Gen)
- up to 6 h — published by Bose; ANC state not specified; 4 h with 360-degree soundBattery life per charge with ANC on
- €300retail price
Details+
The most expensive pair here at 299.95 euros with one of the shortest stated runtimes: up to 6 hours, or 4 hours with 360-degree sound. Owners rate it 4.4 out of 5.
- Strengths
- 4.4 out of 5 from 62 owner reviews on bose.de
- Case holds three further full charges
- Wireless-charging case
- Snapdragon Sound listed, Bluetooth 5.3
- No unexplained decibel claim for ANC
- Weaknesses
- Up to 6 h per charge, 4 h with 360-degree sound
- 299.95 euros, the highest price in this ranking
- Codecs not itemised; ANC state of the battery claim not specified
- IPX4 only, no dust rating
- No independent test could be read for this ranking
6.4 / 10acceptable
Scores comparable only within this categorySignificance threshold: ±0.15 pt
8.1 Our verdict
The Sony WF-1000XM6 leads because its data hold up from both sides: Sony publishes 8 hours with noise cancelling on, a full codec list including LC3, and SoundGuys measured 9 hours 41 minutes and an 88% average loudness reduction. The Apple AirPods Pro 3 have the strongest measured ANC we saw (90%) and beat their own 8-hour claim, but Apple publishes no codec list and SoundGuys found only SBC and AAC. The Samsung Galaxy Buds4 Pro are the most completely documented, down to milliamp-hours, yet last 6 hours.
At 99.99 euros the EarFun Air Pro 4+ and soundcore Liberty 5 claim the same 8 hours as the flagships. The EarFun's measured 6 hours 17 minutes shows why a claim is not a result. The Sennheiser MOMENTUM True Wireless 5 is the only model whose datasheet says the batteries are user replaceable with standard tools, which matters from February 2027. JBL and Bose sit last because no independent test could be read, not because one found them poor.
Codecs
A codec only counts if your phone speaks it too
A Bluetooth codec is the format in which the phone compresses audio before sending it. Both ends must support the same one, otherwise the connection falls back to a basic codec. That makes the codec list on the box worth exactly as much as the list in your phone's own specification.
| Model | Codecs as published by the maker |
|---|---|
| Sony WF-1000XM6 | SBC, AAC, LDAC, LC3 |
| EarFun Air Pro 4+ | aptX Lossless, aptX Adaptive, LDAC, LC3 |
| Samsung Galaxy Buds4 Pro | AAC, SBC, SSC, SSC-UHQ, LC3 |
| Apple AirPods Pro 3 | not published |
| soundcore Liberty 5 | LDAC |
| Sennheiser MOMENTUM True Wireless 5 | SBC, AAC, aptX, aptX Adaptive/Lossless |
| Google Pixel Buds Pro 2 | not published |
| Nothing Ear (3) | LDAC |
| JBL Tour Pro 3 | LDAC (Bluetooth 5.3 LE Audio) |
| Bose QuietComfort Ultra Earbuds (2nd Gen) | Snapdragon Sound; codecs not itemised |
Three things follow. First, two of the most expensive models publish no codec list at all; SoundGuys found SBC and AAC only on the AirPods Pro 3 and lists SBC, AAC and LC3 for the Pixel Buds Pro 2. Second, some codecs are tied to one phone brand: GSMArena reports Samsung's SSC as working with Samsung devices only. Third, LC3 is the codec of Bluetooth LE Audio, the newer radio mode that also carries Auracast broadcast audio; here it is listed by Sony, Samsung and EarFun, and JBL lists LE Audio with Auracast. High-bitrate codecs also cost runtime: every battery figure in this ranking should be read as a best case, not as the figure for LDAC or aptX Lossless.
IP ratings
IPX4, IP54, IP55, IP57: what IEC 60529 actually promises
The IP code comes from the standard IEC 60529. The first digit rates protection against solid particles, the second against water. An X means no data is available for that digit; it does not mean zero, and it does not mean tested and passed.
| Digit | Meaning |
|---|---|
| First digit 5 | dust protected: some dust may enter, not enough to interfere with operation |
| Second digit 4 | splashing water from any direction |
| Second digit 5 | water jets from a 6.3 mm nozzle, at least 3 minutes |
| Second digit 7 | immersion up to 1 metre for 30 minutes |
Applied to this ranking: Apple and Samsung state IP57; EarFun, soundcore and JBL state IP55; Sennheiser and Google state IP54, as GSMArena reports for Nothing; Sony and Bose state IPX4, so splash protection with no dust rating.
Two caveats are easy to miss. The rating normally applies to the earbuds only. Sony states that its case is not waterproof, Sennheiser's IP54 is marked earbuds only, GSMArena notes that Samsung's case has no water resistance, and Google rates its case lower (IPX4) than its earbuds. Apple is the exception with IP57 for the case as well. The second caveat is the test liquid: IP tests are performed with fresh water, so the code promises nothing about sweat, sea water, soap or sunscreen. No manufacturer page we opened turned its IP rating into a warranty statement for sweat damage, so check the warranty terms before treating any of these as sports equipment.
Noise cancelling
Decibel claims without a method: how ANC numbers are (not) comparable
Two models in this ranking advertise a noise-cancelling depth: Nothing states 45 dB and EarFun up to 50 dB. Neither page we opened gives the frequency at which the figure applies, the test fixture, the ear tip used or a standard. Noise cancelling is strongly frequency dependent, so a single peak figure says little about average performance. Sony takes another route and claims a 25% reduction in noise compared with its predecessor, which is a comparison with its own older product only. Bose, JBL, Apple, Google, Samsung, Sennheiser and soundcore publish no ANC number on the pages we read.
Independent measurements are the only way to compare. SoundGuys reports the average reduction in perceived loudness across frequencies and converts it to a score:
| Model | SoundGuys ANC score | Average loudness reduction |
|---|---|---|
| Apple AirPods Pro 3 | 9.0 | 90% |
| Sony WF-1000XM6 | 8.8 | 88% |
| Sennheiser MOMENTUM True Wireless 5 | 8.5 | not read |
| Samsung Galaxy Buds4 Pro | 8.4 | not read |
| Google Pixel Buds Pro 2 | 8.0 | not read |
| EarFun Air Pro 4+ | 8.0 | 80% |
| soundcore Liberty 5 | 7.6 | not read |
The table shows how little the brochure figure predicts: the earbuds with the largest decibel claim, EarFun at 50 dB, measured 80%, ten points behind a rival that publishes no figure. SoundGuys also notes that the EarFun reduces loudness by 63% with ANC switched off, simply by sealing the ear canal, so fit does much of the work. For perspective, Stiftung Warentest gives active noise reduction a weight of 10% in its headphone verdict, against 50% for sound.
Battery and EU law
Hours per charge today, replaceable cells from February 2027
The claimed runtime with ANC on spans 5.5 to 8 hours in this ranking. Where a lab re-measured it, the claim proved to be a rough guide in both directions:
| Model | Claim, ANC on | Measured by SoundGuys |
|---|---|---|
| Sony WF-1000XM6 | 8 h | 9 h 41 min |
| Apple AirPods Pro 3 | 8 h | 8 h 42 min |
| Samsung Galaxy Buds4 Pro | 6 h | 6.017 h |
| EarFun Air Pro 4+ | 8 h | 6 h 17 min |
Most manufacturer pages, as we read them, give no volume, codec or temperature next to the figure, and Bose does not even say whether its 6 hours are with noise cancelling on. Samsung and, via GSMArena, Nothing are the only ones with capacities in milliamp-hours (61 and 55 mAh per earbud).
Cells this small age, and that is where Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 comes in. Its Article 11 applies from 18 February 2027 and requires portable batteries incorporated into appliances to be readily removable and replaceable by the end-user, meaning with commercially available tools. A derogation exists for appliances specifically designed to be used mostly in an environment regularly subject to splashing water, water streams or immersion and intended to be washable or rinseable, and for medical devices. Whether an IPX4 or IP57 earbud can rely on that derogation is not something any manufacturer page we read addresses.
Only Sennheiser's datasheet for the MOMENTUM True Wireless 5 already states user replaceable with standard tools. For the other nine, battery replacement is simply not mentioned.
Marketing decoded
USB-C, total hours, Hi-Res badges and what the tests could not tell us
USB-C is not a feature. Under Directive (EU) 2022/2380, earbuds and headphones sold in the EU have had to charge via USB-C since 28 December 2024. The same rules let products be sold without a charger. Every model here complies; Apple states that the USB-C cable is sold separately.
Total hours describe the case, not the earbuds. EarFun's 54 hours and soundcore's 48 hours are totals with ANC off. With ANC on, soundcore states 32 hours, JBL 32, Google 30, Samsung 26 and Apple 24. Sennheiser's 40 hours carries no ANC state. In every instance you still stop to recharge after 5.5 to 8 hours.
Fast-charge lines hide their conditions. Google states that its 5 minutes for 1.5 hours applies with ANC off. soundcore's 10 minutes for 5 hours comes with no mode at all.
Hi-Res and Lossless depend on the phone. LDAC, aptX Lossless and Snapdragon Sound badges describe what the earbuds can receive. Without a phone that sends the same codec they change nothing.
What independent tests could and could not tell us. SoundGuys publishes its measurements openly and is the backbone of the evidence here. Stiftung Warentest lists 296 tested headphones, and names the Sony WF-1000XM6 among recently tested models, but its grades cost 4.90 euros to unlock, so none is quoted. RTINGS review pages and Which? could not be read in this session. Two products, the JBL Tour Pro 3 and the Bose QuietComfort Ultra Earbuds (2nd Gen), therefore have no test evidence in this ranking at all. That is a gap in our data, and we score it as one.
Methodology
How this score is built
The score is the mean of four component scores — each carries equal weight and each rests on a named source. The full procedure is described in the methodology.
01Composition and specification
Declared composition and specification: active ingredients and their concentrations, energy classes, standards, technical parameters — and what the manufacturer leaves unsaid.
02Evidence and studies
Verification of the manufacturer's claims against outside sources: laboratory reports, industry testing, safety data sheets, certificates and regulatory decisions.
03Owner feedback
Analysis of verified reviews written after extended use, together with recurring fault reports for the model or series.
04Cost and value
Price set against what the product actually delivers, plus costs incurred later — consumables, energy, servicing, subscriptions — over the lifespan typical for the category.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Which noise-cancelling earbuds have the longest battery life with ANC on?+
Six models claim 8 hours with ANC on: Sony WF-1000XM6, Apple AirPods Pro 3, Google Pixel Buds Pro 2, JBL Tour Pro 3, soundcore Liberty 5 and EarFun Air Pro 4+. In SoundGuys measurements the Sony reached 9 hours 41 minutes and the Apple 8 hours 42 minutes, while the EarFun reached 6 hours 17 minutes.
Which earbuds have the best noise cancelling according to tests?+
Among the results we could read, SoundGuys measured a 90% average loudness reduction for the Apple AirPods Pro 3 and 88% for the Sony WF-1000XM6. We could not read test results for the Bose and JBL models, so they are not part of that comparison.
Can I compare 45 dB and 50 dB noise-cancelling claims?+
No. Neither Nothing nor EarFun states the frequency, the fixture or a standard behind its figure on the pages we opened. The EarFun with its 50 dB claim measured an 80% average loudness reduction at SoundGuys, less than models that publish no figure.
Do I need LDAC, aptX or LC3?+
Only if your phone supports the same codec. Check the phone's specification first. Apple publishes no codec list for the AirPods Pro 3 and SoundGuys found SBC and AAC only; Samsung's SSC codecs are reported to work with Samsung devices only.
Are these earbuds safe for running in the rain or swimming?+
None is sold for swimming. IPX4 and IP54 cover splashes, IP55 covers water jets and IP57 covers immersion to 1 metre for 30 minutes in fresh water. The rating usually excludes the charging case, and the IP code does not cover sweat or sea water.
Will earbud batteries have to be replaceable in the EU?+
Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 applies from 18 February 2027 and requires portable batteries in appliances to be readily removable and replaceable by the end-user, with a derogation for certain appliances used in wet environments. In this ranking only Sennheiser states that the batteries are user replaceable with standard tools.
Do all of these earbuds charge by USB-C?+
Yes. USB-C charging has been mandatory in the EU for earbuds since 28 December 2024 under Directive (EU) 2022/2380. Most models also state wireless charging; the soundcore Liberty 5 page does not mention it.
Why are Bose and JBL at the bottom of the ranking?+
Because we could not read any independent test of either model in this session, their evidence score is 5.0. Bose is also the most expensive model with one of the shortest stated runtimes. The position reflects missing data and price, not a test that found them poor.
Sources
Documents and standards
- 1. Apple — AirPods Pro 3 Tech Specs — https://www.apple.com/ie/airpods-pro/specs/
- 2. Apple Store Germany — Buy AirPods Pro 3 (price) — https://www.apple.com/de/shop/buy-airpods/airpods-pro-3
- 3. Sony — WF-1000XM6 Specifications (support page) — https://www.sony-mea.com/en/electronics/support/wireless-headphones-bluetooth-headphones/wf-1000xm6/specifications
- 4. Sony Store Germany — WF-1000XM6 (price, features) — https://www.sony.de/store/product/wf1000xm6b.ce7/wf-1000xm6-kabellose-noise-cancelling-in-ear-kopfhoerer
- 5. Bose Germany — QuietComfort Ultra Earbuds (2nd Gen) — https://www.bose.de/p/earbuds/bose-quietcomfort-ultra-earbuds-2nd-gen/QCUE2-HEADPHONEIN.html
- 6. Samsung Germany — Galaxy Buds4 Pro — https://www.samsung.com/de/audio-sound/galaxy-buds/galaxy-buds4-pro-black-sm-r640nzkadbt/
- 7. Google Store Germany — Pixel Buds Pro 2 technical specifications — https://store.google.com/de/product/pixel_buds_pro_2_specs?hl=en-GB
- 8. Sennheiser EU — MOMENTUM True Wireless 5 — https://eu.sennheiser-hearing.com/en-de/products/momentum-true-wireless-5
- 9. EarFun EU — Air Pro 4+ — https://www.myearfun.com/eu/headphones/earfun-air-pro-4-plus-hi-res-adaptive-anc-true-wireless-earbuds-black
- 10. soundcore EU — Liberty 5 — https://www.soundcore.com/eu/products/a3957-liberty-5-tws-earbuds?variant=55533077922179
- 11. Nothing Germany — Ear (3) — https://de.nothing.tech/products/ear-3
- 12. JBL Germany — Tour Pro 3 — https://de.jbl.com/TOUR-PRO-3.html
- 13. SoundGuys — Sony WF-1000XM6 review — https://www.soundguys.com/sony-wf-1000xm6-review-152013/
- 14. SoundGuys — Apple AirPods Pro 3 review — https://www.soundguys.com/apple-airpods-pro-3-review-close-to-perfect-144636/
- 15. SoundGuys — EarFun Air Pro 4+ review — https://www.soundguys.com/earfun-air-pro-4-plus-review-147238/
- 16. SoundGuys — Sennheiser MOMENTUM True Wireless 5 product page — https://www.soundguys.com/product/sennheiser-momentum-true-wireless-5/
- 17. SoundGuys — Samsung Galaxy Buds 4 Pro product page — https://www.soundguys.com/product/samsung-galaxy-buds-4-pro/
- 18. SoundGuys — Anker Soundcore Liberty 5 product page — https://www.soundguys.com/product/anker-soundcore-liberty-5/
- 19. SoundGuys — Google Pixel Buds Pro 2 product page — https://www.soundguys.com/product/google-pixel-buds-pro-2/
- 20. GSMArena — Samsung Galaxy Buds4 Pro review — https://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_buds4_pro_review-news-72379.php
- 21. GSMArena — Nothing Ear (3) review — https://www.gsmarena.com/nothing_ear_3_review-news-70036.php
- 22. Stiftung Warentest — Bluetooth-Kopfhörer im Test (test weighting; grades behind paywall) — https://www.test.de/Bluetooth-Kopfhoerer-im-Test-4378783-0/
- 23. EUR-Lex — Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R1542
- 24. European Commission — One common charging solution for all (Directive (EU) 2022/2380) — https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/electrical-and-electronic-engineering-industries-eei/radio-equipment-directive-red/one-common-charging-solution-all_en
- 25. Wikipedia — IP code (summary of IEC 60529) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_code
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